Too often we forget the 3 major, for both concepts and skills, that most students need to go through for understanding and application.
1. They need to explore with materials (all types) the "DO" Stage
2. When fluent with exploring and seeing patterns etc with materials they need to explain verbally what they have found out the "Say" Stage
3. Now that they are fluent in talking about the relationships and patterns, they should be encouraged to write what they have been saying (in both their own language and maths language) Dont go straight to "6 + 4 = 10", but also have "six and four more make ten" as this is what they will be saying
Charlotte Wilkinson, Wilkie Way is saying something similar in her latest Newsletter